The extensively revised edition now includes new European perspectives and updated country-specific sections, addressing the impact of recession. It highlights significant developments in Britain such as new towns, neoliberalism, devolution to Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, and the role of cities, combined authorities, infrastructure, high-speed rail, austerity, neighbourhood planning, Brexit, and the ongoing north–south divide. A chapter on US planning covers urban dispersal, social polarization, climate change strategies, rise of edge cities, decline of rustbelt cities, new urbanism initiatives, land use planning, and transportation policies. Looking ahead, the book examines future planning challenges in the 2020s, including digitization, automation, sustainability, and social polarization.