Theorizing gender is increasingly urgent and political, with heightened visibility for women and campaigns against sexual violence, yet also facing backlash from alt-right groups and renewed claims of ‘natural’ gender differences. This follow-up to the 2002 text *Theorizing Gender* revisits and expands gender theory for today, exploring diverse perspectives on gender identity through materialist, intersectional, phenomenological, and performative lenses. It offers a critical, multi-faceted overview essential for students and scholars across the social sciences and humanities.